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2026","validatedAt":null,"humanReviewedAt":null,"publishedAt":null}],"approvedObservations":[],"approvalBasis":"Addition of sourced Insurance Fraud directory; existing evidence preserved; no product testing or human source review asserted"},"data":{"version":"insurance-fraud-v1","asOf":"2026-09-22","sources":[{"id":"aviva-2025","title":"Claims and application fraud findings for 2025","publisher":"Aviva","url":"https://www.aviva.com/newsroom/news-and-research-overview/news-releases/2026/06/aviva-stops-record-levels-of-claims-fraud-as-scams-become-more-sophisticated/","period":"Calendar year 2025; Aviva UK general insurance unless stated otherwise","cadenceHours":24,"published":"2026-06-08","checked":"2026-09-22","note":"Application and AI observations exclude Direct Line. Combined group claims totals have a different scope and are not used here."},{"id":"abi-fraud","title":"Insurance fraud","publisher":"Association of British Insurers","url":"https://www.abi.org.uk/policy-and-guidance/fraud","period":"Calendar year 2024","cadenceHours":24,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22","note":"The claims count is included. The monetary total conflicts with other published reporting and is withheld pending reconciliation."},{"id":"mib","title":"Resources for insurers and brokers","publisher":"Motor Insurers’ Bureau","url":"https://www.mib.org.uk/for-professionals/insurers-and-brokers/","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"ncd","title":"No Claims Discount (NCD) Module","publisher":"LexisNexis Risk Solutions","url":"https://risk.lexisnexis.co.uk/products/ncd-module","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"percayso","title":"Inform","publisher":"Percayso Inform","url":"https://www.percayso-inform.com/inform/","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"entrust","title":"Identity Verification Solutions (formerly Onfido)","publisher":"Entrust","url":"https://www.entrust.com/products/identity-verification","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"loqate","title":"Address Verification","publisher":"Loqate","url":"https://www.loqate.com/en-gb/address-verification/","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"dvla-driver","title":"Check someone’s driving licence information","publisher":"GOV.UK / DVLA","url":"https://www.gov.uk/check-driving-information","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"vehicle-check","title":"Check a used vehicle you’re buying","publisher":"GOV.UK","url":"https://www.gov.uk/checks-when-buying-a-used-car","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"hpi","title":"HPI Check and vehicle history","publisher":"HPI","url":"https://www.hpi.co.uk/","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"companies-house","title":"Get information about a company","publisher":"GOV.UK / Companies House","url":"https://www.gov.uk/get-information-about-a-company","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"cifas","title":"National Fraud Database","publisher":"Cifas","url":"https://www.cifas.org.uk/fraud-prevention-community/combined-threat-protect/national-fraud-database","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"ifb","title":"Insurance Fraud Bureau","publisher":"IFB","url":"https://www.insurancefraudbureau.org/en","period":"Industry fraud resources accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":24,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"shift","title":"Fraud & Risk","publisher":"Shift Technology","url":"https://www.shift-technology.com/solutions/fraud-risk","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"shift-uk","title":"Shift Technology: published customer references","publisher":"Shift Technology","url":"https://www.shift-technology.com/","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"friss","title":"Media Check","publisher":"FRISS","url":"https://www.friss.com/products/media-check","period":"Product documentation accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22"},{"id":"guardian","title":"Guardian Integrity Shield","publisher":"InsureLab.ai","url":"https://insurelab.ai/services/guardian-integrity-shield","period":"Supplier product description accessed 22 September 2026","cadenceHours":168,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-22","note":"Read from the rendered service page. Product assertions are supplier claims; no independent performance test has been supplied."}],"checks":[{"id":"identity","label":"Identity","meaning":"Match a person to identity evidence; document and biometric checks can support this.","limit":"A document match does not establish the truth of every proposal answer.","sourceIds":["entrust"]},{"id":"address","label":"Address","meaning":"Standardise an address or corroborate an association with it. These are different checks.","limit":"A valid postal address does not prove residence or where a vehicle is kept overnight.","sourceIds":["loqate","percayso"]},{"id":"ncd","label":"No Claims Bonus / Discount","meaning":"Compare the declared entitlement with contributed policy history.","limit":"A no-match needs follow-up. Protected discount and years claim-free are not interchangeable.","sourceIds":["ncd"]},{"id":"claims","label":"Claims history","meaning":"Compare declarations with reported incident and claim records.","limit":"Reporting lags and matching errors remain possible; absence of a match is not a clean-history guarantee.","sourceIds":["mib"]},{"id":"driving","label":"Driving record","meaning":"Check recorded licence entitlements, points and disqualifications.","limit":"Confirm the service’s geographic scope and permitted use.","sourceIds":["dvla-driver"]},{"id":"convictions","label":"Motoring convictions","meaning":"Use driving-record information to check relevant motoring declarations.","limit":"This is not a general criminal-record search. Spent convictions are excluded from MyLicence.","sourceIds":["mib","dvla-driver"]},{"id":"ownership","label":"Vehicle ownership / keeper","meaning":"Reconcile vehicle, keeper, purchase and finance evidence.","limit":"A registration or vehicle-history match alone cannot establish the proposer’s legal ownership.","sourceIds":["vehicle-check","hpi"]},{"id":"vehicle","label":"Vehicle history & mileage","meaning":"Check vehicle attributes, recorded history and MOT readings.","limit":"MOT readings describe a vehicle at test dates; they do not identify the driver or prove future annual mileage.","sourceIds":["vehicle-check","hpi"]},{"id":"occupation","label":"Occupation / business","meaning":"Corroborate a declared business or director role with company information.","limit":"Companies House is not an employment register. Job duties, employment and income need separate evidence.","sourceIds":["companies-house"]},{"id":"proposal","label":"Proposal consistency","meaning":"Identify changed answers and mismatches across quotes, policies and documents.","limit":"An inconsistent answer is a referral signal, not proof of deliberate misrepresentation.","sourceIds":["percayso","guardian"]},{"id":"documents","label":"Document & image integrity","meaning":"Look for alteration, reuse and synthetic evidence.","limit":"A detector score cannot establish fraud by itself. Retain originals and corroborate the underlying event.","sourceIds":["friss","guardian"]},{"id":"loss","label":"Claim & loss consistency","meaning":"Compare the claim narrative, supporting files and available records for inconsistencies.","limit":"Investigation support is not access to a complete claims-history database or proof of fraud.","sourceIds":["guardian","shift"]},{"id":"fraud-history","label":"Shared fraud intelligence","meaning":"Search contributed fraud records and related intelligence.","limit":"Check match quality, record type and permitted use before making an adverse decision.","sourceIds":["cifas","ifb"]}],"products":[{"id":"entrust-idv","name":"Identity Verification","provider":"Entrust (formerly Onfido)","kind":"Identity & document checks","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["identity","documents"],"method":"Document & biometric check","result":"Document authenticity and biometric identity signals.","limits":"Not a check of occupation, claims history or No Claims Bonus. UK document coverage and workflow need confirmation.","access":"Commercial integration; confirm supported documents and data handling with supplier.","uk":"International service; confirm the contracted UK document coverage.","sourceIds":["entrust"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"loqate","name":"Verify","provider":"Loqate","kind":"Address data","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["address"],"method":"Address validation","result":"Address cleansing, correction and standardisation.","limits":"Validates the address itself, not the person’s residence or overnight parking.","access":"Commercial address service; integration and volume pricing by supplier.","uk":"UK product documentation.","sourceIds":["loqate"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"lexis-ncd","name":"No Claims Discount Module","provider":"LexisNexis Risk Solutions","kind":"Insurance history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["ncd"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"NCD history at quote or post-sale.","limits":"Match and contribution coverage apply. An unmatched customer needs another validation route.","access":"Commercial insurer/broker agreement.","uk":"UK motor product.","sourceIds":["ncd"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-cue","name":"Claims Underwriting Exchange (CUE)","provider":"MIB","kind":"Insurance history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["claims"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Reported motor, household and personal-injury claims.","limits":"Reported records are not a guarantee of complete history.","access":"Authorised organisations; contribution requirements.","uk":"UK industry service.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-mylicence","name":"MyLicence","provider":"MIB / DVLA","kind":"Driving records","stages":["Pre-sale"],"checks":["driving","convictions"],"method":"Authoritative record check","result":"Driving-record information during quotation.","limits":"Excludes medical data and spent convictions.","access":"MIB onboarding and licence number.","uk":"DVLA driving-record service.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"dvla-check","name":"Share Driving Licence check","provider":"DVLA","kind":"Driving records","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["driving","convictions"],"method":"Authoritative record check","result":"Entitlements, penalty points and disqualifications.","limits":"One-use code, valid for 21 days; driver permission required. Not a general criminal-record check.","access":"Driver-supplied check code and last eight licence characters.","uk":"DVLA service; check separate arrangements for Northern Ireland.","sourceIds":["dvla-driver"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-navigate","name":"Navigate: policy, salvage & theft data","provider":"MIB","kind":"Vehicle & policy history","stages":["Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["vehicle"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Insurance status and recorded salvage/theft history.","limits":"Does not prove ownership.","access":"Authorised professionals only.","uk":"UK industry data.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"hpi","name":"HPI Check","provider":"HPI","kind":"Vehicle history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["ownership","vehicle"],"method":"Corroboration","result":"Vehicle-history checks using finance, vehicle and other records.","limits":"History and finance signals support ownership enquiries; they do not prove the proposer owns the vehicle.","access":"Paid checks; commercial use and integration require the appropriate agreement.","uk":"UK vehicle-history service.","sourceIds":["hpi","vehicle-check"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"companies-house","name":"Company information search","provider":"Companies House","kind":"Business records","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["occupation"],"method":"Corroboration","result":"Company details, officers and filed documents.","limits":"Supports a company or directorship check. Does not verify every person’s employment, occupation or job duties.","access":"Public service; API available subject to its terms.","uk":"UK company register.","sourceIds":["companies-house"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"percayso","name":"Quote & Policy Intelligence","provider":"Percayso Inform","kind":"Enrichment & quote history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["proposal","address"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Quote manipulation indicators and post-sale policy analysis, including daily inceptions and whole-book reviews.","limits":"Licensed sources and fields depend on the agreement. Bureau enrichment is not proof of residence or every declaration.","access":"Commercial integration; request the data dictionary and configured source coverage.","uk":"UK insurance-focused documentation.","sourceIds":["percayso"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"cifas","name":"National Fraud Database","provider":"Cifas","kind":"Shared fraud intelligence","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["fraud-history","identity"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Fraud-risk records including identity fraud, false applications and insurance claims.","limits":"Not a criminal-convictions database. A match requires interpretation and investigation.","access":"Membership, permitted-purpose checks and staff training.","uk":"UK cross-sector database.","sourceIds":["cifas"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"shift","name":"Fraud & Risk","provider":"Shift Technology","kind":"Claims & investigation analytics","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["proposal","loss","documents","fraud-history"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Fraud triage, evidence analysis and investigation support.","limits":"Configured data determines coverage. US Insurance Data Network statistics are not UK coverage or performance evidence.","access":"Commercial insurer integration; confirm UK scope and datasets.","uk":"Supplier publishes a Markerstudy reference; specific deployment scope needs confirmation.","sourceIds":["shift","shift-uk"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"friss-media","name":"Media Check","provider":"FRISS","kind":"Media forensics","stages":["Claim"],"checks":["documents"],"method":"Document integrity","result":"Supplier-described reuse, metadata, image alteration, PDF integrity and AI-image checks.","limits":"No independent UK performance benchmark in this release. Global marketing rates are not a UK AI-fraud rate.","access":"Commercial integration; verify UK availability and sample performance.","uk":"International product; UK implementation not established by this source.","sourceIds":["friss"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"guardian-integrity-shield","name":"Guardian Integrity Shield","provider":"InsureLab.ai","kind":"Application, claims & document review","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["proposal","documents","loss"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Supplier describes application, claims and document-integrity checks with decisions retained by the insurer or broker.","limits":"Field-level identity, NCD, DVLA or CUE access is not established by this page. No independent detection, savings or false-positive benchmark is claimed here.","access":"Supplier engagement; confirm timing, licensed data, integrations and service scope.","uk":"UK insurance offering; public supplier documentation.","sourceIds":["guardian"],"relatedParty":true,"services":[{"name":"Application Validation","stage":"Pre-sale / post-sale; timing to confirm","description":"Checks for inconsistent declarations and suspicious applications."},{"name":"Claims Validation","stage":"Claim","description":"Checks claims and supporting evidence for inconsistencies and fraud indicators."}],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"}],"metrics":[{"id":"abi-claims-2024","label":"Detected dishonest claims","value":98400,"unit":"claims","period":"2024","scope":"UK • all insurance classes • ABI reporting","stage":"Claim","sourceIds":["abi-fraud"],"note":"Detected cases, not the total incidence of fraud. This figure does not identify AI use."},{"id":"aviva-applications-2025","label":"Fraudulent applications detected","value":105000,"qualifier":">","unit":"applications","period":"2025","scope":"Aviva UK general insurance • excludes Direct Line","stage":"Application","sourceIds":["aviva-2025"],"note":"One insurer’s count; no application denominator or AI-attributed share is given."}],"signals":[{"id":"aviva-ai-2025","title":"Aviva reports growing use of AI-generated claims evidence","stage":"Claim","aiEvidence":"Insurer-reported AI involvement","date":"2026-06-08","period":"Calendar year 2025","geography":"UK • Aviva, excluding Direct Line","detail":"Aviva reports more claims supported by synthetic accident or damage images and manipulated documents, particularly in motor. It does not quantify the AI-attributed share.","implication":"Check original media and the underlying event. This supports an emerging risk, not a measured UK-wide increase caused by AI.","sourceIds":["aviva-2025"]},{"id":"application-manipulation","title":"Changing answers is a validation problem before it is an AI claim","stage":"Application","aiEvidence":"AI attribution not established","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"UK","detail":"Percayso documents comparison of quotes and retrospective policy analysis to identify manipulation.","implication":"Compare declarations across the journey and refer material inconsistencies. A changed answer alone does not establish intent or AI involvement.","sourceIds":["percayso"]},{"id":"synthetic-evidence","title":"Images and documents need their own integrity checks","stage":"Claim","aiEvidence":"Supplier-described capability","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"International; UK validation required","detail":"FRISS describes checks for synthetic images, altered PDFs and reused evidence.","implication":"Combine media analysis with original files, incident evidence and human review. A synthetic-content score is not a fraud verdict.","sourceIds":["friss"]},{"id":"guardian-controls","title":"Application and claim evidence in the same review workflow","stage":"Both","aiEvidence":"Supplier-described capability","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"UK","detail":"Guardian Integrity Shield describes application, claims and document checks, including AI-generated evidence.","implication":"Test the extra cases found after existing controls, and the impact on genuine customers. Supplier claims are not observed performance.","sourceIds":["guardian"]}],"interpretations":[{"id":"frequency","title":"Frequency","body":"Track detected cases per application or claim as well as the total count. Better detection can increase recorded fraud without an increase in underlying incidence."},{"id":"severity","title":"Severity","body":"Separate attempted value, confirmed avoided cost and recovered cash. Compare net savings after investigation and supplier costs."},{"id":"exposure","title":"Exposure basis","body":"Applications, bound policies, claims and uploaded documents are different denominators. Keep stage and observation period attached to every result."},{"id":"accumulation","title":"Tail and accumulation risk","body":"Reused identities, documents and networks can create correlated losses. Look beyond a single policy while checking false matches."},{"id":"selection","title":"Price response and selection","body":"Manipulation can change which risks enter the book. Measure performance after price changes and referral rules, allowing for shifts in business mix."},{"id":"capital","title":"Capital vulnerability","body":"Fast binding and settlement shorten the time available to intervene. Test controls against new manipulation methods before widening automation."},{"id":"customer","title":"Customer expectation","body":"Measure the time and effort imposed on genuine applicants and claimants, including those with thin data histories."},{"id":"duty","title":"Duty to act","body":"Use explainable referrals, proportionate evidence requests and a correction route. Do not treat an anomaly, missing record or model score as a finding of fraud."}],"benchmarks":[{"id":"coverage","label":"Coverage & match rate","method":"Eligible UK records matched / eligible records submitted. Break down by segment and reason for no match."},{"id":"accuracy","label":"Accuracy & false positives","method":"Confirmed outcomes from blinded review; count genuine customers incorrectly referred as well as fraud correctly detected."},{"id":"incremental","label":"Incremental detection","method":"Additional confirmed cases beyond the insurer’s current controls, with a held-out comparison and matching time period."},{"id":"saving","label":"Net financial benefit","method":"Confirmed avoided or recovered cost less investigation, supplier and integration costs. Exclude unconfirmed attempted values."},{"id":"customer","label":"Customer & operational impact","method":"Referral rate, abandonment, evidence requests, review time, settlement delay and overturned decisions."},{"id":"reliability","label":"Cost & reliability","method":"Cost per eligible check and confirmed case; response time, uptime, failure handling and repeatability."}],"changes":[{"id":"launch","date":"2026-09-22","title":"Insurance Fraud tracker established","detail":"UK validation directory, application and claims evidence, product limitations and source register added to the shared release. All product profiles start at publicly documented; none is presented as independently tested."}],"_provenance":{"basis":"Initial source-referenced product directory; publicly documented capabilities, not independent testing","addedAt":"2026-09-22T15:06:59.035Z","addedBy":"authorised pipeline operations","sourceAccessedAt":"2026-09-22","humanReviewedAt":null}}}